HTML Character Chart

Named and Numeric Character Entities

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Browsers ignore the charset police. So ¡℘ƒϑϒ! on them!

The charset police keep saying we should never use named entities, always use numeric entities. Baloney. As we can see below, both work, and they work in all 4 browsers, with a myriad of fonts and charset settings.

They also say, “The entire range from 129 through 159 are invalid characters, and consequently should not be used.” Baloney! I put them in the table below just see where they do and do not work, and tested in four browsers with Unicode and legacy fonts, and with several charset settings. I could not find a font, lang, or charset where 130-159 would not render. So ¡℘ƒϑϒ! on the charset police!

Test parameters: I tested these in IE7, Chrome1, FireFox3, and Opera9.5, on XP-Pro-SR3-IIS5.1. The list boxes poke your selections into the page head’s meta tags and CSS.

Note: If you select a font you don’t have, you get your browser default, which is usually Times New Roman.

I did find a few a few little surprises:

• Some chars in the 8000-series do not work in IE unless a Unicode font is selected. But they all do work in Chrome, FireFox, and Opera, with every font I could test.
• IE and Chrome will not display 9001 or 9002, but Firefox and Opera will.
• At least for the characters in the table, setting lang and charset to anything and everything, including “bogus”, made no difference at all! Even picking a Unicode font and a charset of us-ascii didn’t stop them from rendering properly!
• All the used (i.e., not marked as unused) characters in the “invalid” 129-159 range work in all fonts, all charsets, all langs, in all four browsers. So ¡℘ƒϑϒ! on the charset police again!
• Selecting any of the W3C-defined generics (serif, sans-serif, monospace, western, and fantasy) only works in IE! The other three completely ignored them and used the browser default. Except that Opera will obey monospace. So ¡℘ƒϑϒ! on generics fallbacks!
• You can set font to almost anything, then set charset=bogus, lang=bogus, language name=bogus, and content-language=bogus, and FireFox and Opera will render every named and numbered HTML entity, plus the “invalid” 129-159 range. Chrome will omit only 9001-9002. IE7 will omit those and 35 others in the 8000-series. So ¡℘ƒϑϒ! on lang and charset meta tags!

Conclusion: Just use the named entities and forget all the numbers. And don’t waste as much time as I have over the years worrying about what’s the “proper” charset and encoding to use.

No.	Num.	Named	Nam.	Description
34	"	quot	"	quotation mark = APL quote
38	&	amp	&	ampersand
60	<	lt	<	less-than sign
62	>	gt	>	greater-than sign
Invalid: never use’um! (so they say)
129		unused		Unused
130	‚	sbquo	‚	baseline single quote
131	ƒ	fnof	ƒ	florin
132	„	bdquo	„	baseline double quote
133	…	hellip	…	ellipsis
134	†	dagger	†	dagger (single)
135	‡	Dagger	‡	Dagger (double)
136	ˆ	circ	ˆ	circumflex
137	‰	permil	‰	per mille
138	Š	Scaron	š	S caron
139	‹	lsaquo	‹	left single guillemet
140	Œ	OElig	Œ	OE ligature
141		x		Unused
142	Ž	-	–	Z caron (numeric only)
143		x		unused
144		x		unused
145	‘	lsquo	‘	left single quote
146	’	rsquo	’	right single quote
147	“	ldquo	“	left double quote
148	”	rdquo	”	right double quote
149	•	bull	•	bullet (large)
150	–	ndash	–	en dash
151	—	mdash	—	em dash
152	˜	tilde	˜	tilde
153	™	trade	™	trademark
154	š	scaron	š	s caron
155	›	rsaquo	›	right single guillemet
156	œ	oelig	œ	oe ligature
157		x		unused
158	ž	-		z caron (numeric only)
159	Ÿ	Yuml	Ÿ	Y diaeresis
(end of “forbidden” range)
160		nbsp		no-break space = non-breaking space
161	¡	iexcl	¡	inverted exclamation mark
162	¢	cent	¢	cent sign
163	£	pound	£	pound sign
164	¤	curren	¤	currency sign
165	¥	yen	¥	yen sign = yuan sign
166	¦	brvbar	¦	broken bar = broken vertical bar
167	§	sect	§	section sign
168	¨	uml	¨	diaeresis = spacing diaeresis
169	©	copy	©	copyright sign
170	ª	ordf	ª	feminine ordinal indicator
171	«	laquo	«	left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet
172	¬	not	¬	not sign
173	­	shy	­	soft hyphen = discretionary hyphen
174	®	reg	®	registered sign = registered trade mark sign
175	¯	macr	¯	macron = spacing macron = overline = APL overbar
176	°	deg	°	degree sign
177	±	plusmn	±	plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign
178	²	sup2	²	superscript two = superscript digit two = squared
179	³	sup3	³	superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed
180	´	acute	´	acute accent = spacing acute
181	µ	micro	µ	micro sign
182	¶	para	¶	pilcrow sign = paragraph sign
183	·	middot	·	middle dot = Georgian comma = Greek middle dot
184	¸	cedil	¸	cedilla = spacing cedilla
185	¹	sup1	¹	superscript one = superscript digit one
186	º	ordm	º	masculine ordinal indicator
187	»	raquo	»	right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right guillemet
188	¼	frac14	¼	vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter
189	½	frac12	½	vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half
190	¾	frac34	¾	vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters
191	¿	iquest	¿	inverted question mark = turned question mark
192	À	Agrave	À	latin capital A with grave = latin capital A grave
193	Á	Aacute	Á	latin capital A with acute
194	Â	Acirc	Â	latin capital A with circumflex
195	Ã	Atilde	Ã	latin capital A with tilde
196	Ä	Auml	Ä	latin capital A with diaeresis
197	Å	Aring	Å	latin capital A with ring above = latin capital A ring
198	Æ	AElig	Æ	latin capital AE = latin capital ligature AE
199	Ç	Ccedil	Ç	latin capital C with cedilla
200	È	Egrave	È	latin capital E with grave
201	É	Eacute	É	latin capital E with acute
202	Ê	Ecirc	Ê	latin capital E with circumflex
203	Ë	Euml	Ë	latin capital E with diaeresis
204	Ì	Igrave	Ì	latin capital I with grave
205	Í	Iacute	Í	latin capital I with acute
206	Î	Icirc	Î	latin capital I with circumflex
207	Ï	Iuml	Ï	latin capital I with diaeresis
208	Ð	ETH	Ð	latin capital ETH
209	Ñ	Ntilde	Ñ	latin capital N with tilde
210	Ò	Ograve	Ò	latin capital O with grave
211	Ó	Oacute	Ó	latin capital O with acute
212	Ô	Ocirc	Ô	latin capital O with circumflex
213	Õ	Otilde	Õ	latin capital O with tilde
214	Ö	Ouml	Ö	latin capital O with diaeresis
215	×	times	×	multiplication sign
216	Ø	Oslash	Ø	latin capital O with stroke = latin capital O slash
217	Ù	Ugrave	Ù	latin capital U with grave
218	Ú	Uacute	Ú	latin capital U with acute
219	Û	Ucirc	Û	latin capital U with circumflex
220	Ü	Uuml	Ü	latin capital U with diaeresis
221	Ý	Yacute	Ý	latin capital Y with acute
222	Þ	THORN	Þ	latin capital THORN
223	ß	szlig	ß	latin small sharp s = ess-zed
224	à	agrave	à	latin small a with grave = latin small a grave
225	á	aacute	á	latin small a with acute
226	â	acirc	â	latin small a with circumflex
227	ã	atilde	ã	latin small a with tilde
228	ä	auml	ä	latin small a with diaeresis
229	å	aring	å	latin small a with ring above = latin small a ring
230	æ	aelig	æ	latin small ae = latin small ligature ae
231	ç	ccedil	ç	latin small c with cedilla
232	è	egrave	è	latin small e with grave
233	é	eacute	é	latin small e with acute
234	ê	ecirc	ê	latin small e with circumflex
235	ë	euml	ë	latin small e with diaeresis
236	ì	igrave	ì	latin small i with grave
237	í	iacute	í	latin small i with acute
238	î	icirc	î	latin small i with circumflex
239	ï	iuml	ï	latin small i with diaeresis
240	ð	eth	ð	latin small eth
241	ñ	ntilde	ñ	latin small n with tilde
242	ò	ograve	ò	latin small o with grave
243	ó	oacute	ó	latin small o with acute
244	ô	ocirc	ô	latin small o with circumflex
245	õ	otilde	õ	latin small o with tilde
246	ö	ouml	ö	latin small o with diaeresis
247	÷	divide	÷	division sign
248	ø	oslash	ø	latin small o with stroke, = latin small o slash
249	ù	ugrave	ù	latin small u with grave
250	ú	uacute	ú	latin small u with acute
251	û	ucirc	û	latin small u with circumflex
252	ü	uuml	ü	latin small u with diaeresis
253	ý	yacute	ý	latin small y with acute
254	þ	thorn	þ	latin small thorn with
255	ÿ	yuml	ÿ	latin small y with diaeresis
338	Œ	OElig	Œ	latin capital ligature OE
339	œ	oelig	œ	latin small ligature oe
352	Š	Scaron	Š	latin capital S with caron
353	š	scaron	š	latin small s with caron
376	Ÿ	Yuml	Ÿ	latin capital Y with diaeresis
402	ƒ	fnof	ƒ	latin small f with hook = function = florin
710	ˆ	circ	ˆ	modifier letter circumflex accent
732	˜	tilde	˜	small tilde
913	Α	Alpha	Α	greek capital alpha
914	Β	Beta	Β	greek capital beta
915	Γ	Gamma	Γ	greek capital gamma
916	Δ	Delta	Δ	greek capital delta
917	Ε	Epsilon	Ε	greek capital epsilon
918	Ζ	Zeta	Ζ	greek capital zeta
919	Η	Eta	Η	greek capital eta
920	Θ	Theta	Θ	greek capital theta
921	Ι	Iota	Ι	greek capital iota
922	Κ	Kappa	Κ	greek capital kappa
923	Λ	Lambda	Λ	greek capital lambda
924	Μ	Mu	Μ	greek capital mu
925	Ν	Nu	Ν	greek capital nu
926	Ξ	Xi	Ξ	greek capital xi
927	Ο	Omicron	Ο	greek capital omicron
928	Π	Pi	Π	greek capital pi
929	Ρ	Rho	Ρ	greek capital rho
931	Σ	Sigma	Σ	greek capital sigma
932	Τ	Tau	Τ	greek capital tau
933	Υ	Upsilon	Υ	greek capital upsilon
934	Φ	Phi	Φ	greek capital phi
935	Χ	Chi	Χ	greek capital chi
936	Ψ	Psi	Ψ	greek capital psi
937	Ω	Omega	Ω	greek capital omega
945	α	alpha	α	greek small alpha
946	β	beta	β	greek small beta
947	γ	gamma	γ	greek small gamma
948	δ	delta	δ	greek small delta
949	ε	epsilon	ε	greek small epsilon
950	ζ	zeta	ζ	greek small zeta
951	η	eta	η	greek small eta
952	θ	theta	θ	greek small theta
953	ι	iota	ι	greek small iota
954	κ	kappa	κ	greek small kappa
955	λ	lambda	λ	greek small lambda
956	μ	mu	μ	greek small mu
957	ν	nu	ν	greek small nu
958	ξ	xi	ξ	greek small xi
959	ο	omicron	ο	greek small omicron
960	π	pi	π	greek small pi
961	ρ	rho	ρ	greek small rho
962	ς	sigmaf	ς	greek small final sigma
963	σ	sigma	σ	greek small sigma
964	τ	tau	τ	greek small tau
965	υ	upsilon	υ	greek small upsilon
966	φ	phi	φ	greek small phi
967	χ	chi	χ	greek small chi
968	ψ	psi	ψ	greek small psi
969	ω	omega	ω	greek small omega
977	ϑ	thetasym	ϑ	greek small theta symbol
978	ϒ	upsih	ϒ	greek upsilon with hook symbol
982	ϖ	piv	ϖ	greek pi symbol
8194		ensp		en space [inverse (drag-select) these spaces to see them.]
8195		emsp		em space
8201		thinsp		thin space
8204	‌	zwnj	‌	zero width non-joiner
8205	‍	zwj	‍	zero width joiner
8206	‎	lrm	‎	left-to-right mark
8207	‏	rlm	‏	right-to-left mark
8211	–	ndash	–	en dash
8212	—	mdash	—	em dash
8216	‘	lsquo	‘	left single quotation mark
8217	’	rsquo	’	right single quotation mark
8218	‚	sbquo	‚	single low-9 quotation mark
8220	“	ldquo	“	left double quotation mark
8221	”	rdquo	”	right double quotation mark
8222	„	bdquo	„	double low-9 quotation mark
8224	†	dagger	†	dagger
8225	‡	Dagger	‡	double dagger
8226	•	bull	•	bullet = black small circle bullet is NOT the same as dot operator 8901.
8230	…	hellip	…	horizontal ellipsis = three dot leader
8240	‰	permil	‰	per mille sign
8242	′	prime	′	prime = minutes = feet
8243	″	Prime	″	double prime = seconds = inches
8249	‹	lsaquo	‹	single left-pointing angle quotation mark
8250	›	rsaquo	›	single right-pointing angle quotation mark
8254	‾	oline	‾	overline = spacing overscore
8260	⁄	frasl	⁄	fraction slash
8364	€	euro	€	euro sign
8465	ℑ	image	ℑ	blackletter capital I = imaginary part [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8472	℘	weierp	℘	script capital P = power set = Weierstrass p [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8476	ℜ	real	ℜ	blackletter capital R = real part symbol [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8482	™	trade	™	trade mark sign
8501	ℵ	alefsym	ℵ	alef symbol = first transfinite cardinal [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8592	←	larr	←	leftwards arrow
8593	↑	uarr	↑	upwards arrow
8594	→	rarr	→	rightwards arrow
8595	↓	darr	↓	downwards arrow
8596	↔	harr	↔	left right arrow
8629	↵	crarr	↵	downwards arrow with corner leftwardsc = carriage return [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8656	⇐	lArr	⇐	leftwards double arrow [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8657	⇑	uArr	⇑	upwards double arrow [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8658	⇒	rArr	⇒	rightwards double arrow [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8659	⇓	dArr	⇓	downwards double arrow [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8660	⇔	hArr	⇔	left right double arrow [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8704	∀	forall	∀	for all [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8706	∂	part	∂	partial differential
8707	∃	exist	∃	there exists [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8709	∅	empty	∅	empty set = null set = diameter [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8711	∇	nabla	∇	nabla = backward difference [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8712	∈	isin	∈	element of [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8713	∉	notin	∉	not an element of [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8715	∋	ni	∋	contains as member [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8719	∏	prod	∏	n-ary product = product sign
8721	∑	sum	∑	n-ary sumation
8722	−	minus	−	minus sign
8727	∗	lowast	∗	asterisk operator [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8730	√	radic	√	square root = radical sign
8733	∝	prop	∝	proportional to [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8734	∞	infin	∞	infinity
8736	∠	ang	∠	angle [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8743	∧	and	∧	logical and = wedge [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8744	∨	or	∨	logical or = vee [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8745	∩	cap	∩	intersection = cap
8746	∪	cup	∪	union = cup [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8747	∫	int	∫	integral
8756	∴	there4	∴	therefore [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8764	∼	sim	∼	tilde operator = varies with = similar to [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8773	≅	cong	≅	approximately equal to [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8776	≈	asymp	≈	almost equal to = asymptotic to
8800	≠	ne	≠	not equal to
8801	≡	equiv	≡	identical to
8804	≤	le	≤	less-than or equal to
8805	≥	ge	≥	greater-than or equal to
8834	⊂	sub	⊂	subset of [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8835	⊃	sup	⊃	superset of [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8836	⊄	nsub	⊄	not a subset of [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8838	⊆	sube	⊆	subset of or equal to [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8839	⊇	supe	⊇	superset of or equal to [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8853	⊕	oplus	⊕	circled plus = direct sum [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8855	⊗	otimes	⊗	circled times = vector product [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8869	⊥	perp	⊥	up tack = orthogonal to = perpendicular [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8901	⋅	sdot	⋅	dot operator NOT the same character as middot or bull. [ IE, no, unless a Unicode font is selected. ]
8968	⌈	lceil	⌈	left ceiling = apl upstile
8969	⌉	rceil	⌉	right ceiling
8970	⌊	lfloor	⌊	left floor = apl downstile
8971	⌋	rfloor	⌋	right floor
9001	〈	lang	⟨	left-pointing angle bracket = bra lang is NOT the same character as 'less than' [ IE, Chrome: No. FireFox, Opera, Yes. ]
9002	〉	rang	⟩	right-pointing angle bracket = ket rang is NOT the same character as 'greater than' [ IE, Chrome: No. FireFox, Opera, Yes. ]
9674	◊	loz	◊	lozenge
9824	♠	spades	♠	black spade suit black here seems to mean filled as opposed to hollow
9827	♣	clubs	♣	black club suit = shamrock
9829	♥	hearts	♥	black heart suit = valentine
9830	♦	diams	♦	black diamond suit

About ¡℘ƒϑϒ!: It means pfui! or fooey! I used a combination of one “invalid” character, one from the 300-series, and one from the 900-series. It could be like this: ℘ƒ∪Ÿ! but that breaks in IE, which is too stupid to understand a Weierstrass p.

—kv5r

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